
Nicole is a first-year graduate student pursuing Dual Master's Degrees in International Security and Conflict, Security, and Development at Sciences Po Paris and King's College London. She also holds a Bachelor of Arts in International Studies from the University of Michigan. Her research experience includes an Undergraduate Research Fellowship with the Nam Center for Korean Studies. Nicole hopes to work in security studies or international relations when she graduates.
As modern warfare increasingly targets dual-use digital and energy infrastructure—exemplified by recent strikes on Amazon Web Services data centres in the Middle East—the intersection of commercial artificial intelligence and national security faces unprecedented challenges. This brief examines h…

This brief addresses which counter-terrorism adaptations are necessary for European Union policymakers to address threats from ISIS 2.0, which has transitioned to a digital front, revealing gaps in the EU’s existing response. Recommendations include enhanced collaboration among Member States, imp…
