Documents: 📄 Full Publication (PDF)
Ruhollah Khomeini
"We are not afraid of economic sanctions or military intervention. What we are afraid of is Western universities." - Ruhollah Khomeini
Key Insights
Ayatollah Khomeini's rise in Iran marked a turning point in Middle Eastern relations. As the leader of the Islamic Revolution in 1979, he established an Islamic republic and challenged Western influence in the region. Khomeini's anti-Western stance affected global oil markets and inspired similar movements. His confrontational approach and pursuit of nuclear capabilities intensified tensions and diplomacy challenges, impacting Iran's global standing and regional dynamics.
Written by Pablo Mathis
27 February 2023 · 00:00 CETUpdated 21 June 2026 · 18:24 CET
Cite this brief
Mathis, P. (2023). Ruhollah Khomeini. EPIS Insight · Climate Policy & Environment.
Continue Reading
Environmental Security
Environmental Security
Environmental Security contends that environmental issues are vital to global stability and national security. This concept emphasises the interconnection between ecological issues and traditional security concerns. This perspective first and foremost highlights potential conflicts over environme…
Environmental Security
Paris Climate Accords
In 2015, 196 states adopted the Paris Climate Accords. Signatory states pledge to keep temperatures below 2, preferably 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial times. To achieve these goals, states communicate increasingly ambitious five-year “Nationally Determined Contributions” to limit…
Non-Proliferation of WMDs
International Atomic Energy Agency
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organisation that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy while preventing its misuse for military purposes. The IAEA monitors nuclear activities, inspects facilities, and helps to ensure the international safeguards an…
Arms Control & Disarmament
Safety and Security
Accidents vs. Intent: In professional contexts, Safety refers to protection against unintentional hazards or accidents (e.g., wearing a helmet), while Security refers to protection against intentional threats or malice (e.g., guards against theft). Systemic Overlap: In critical infrastructure, th…