International Economic Relations
Economics as the language of power
The Working Group International Economic Relations examines trade policy, sanctions regimes, supply chain geopolitics, and the intersection of economics and foreign policy. It analyses international financial institutions, investment flows, and the political economy of globalisation. Monthly briefings offer data-driven insights into the economic dimensions of international security and diplomacy.
The AI Infrastructure Leverage Framework
Thematic Working Group Briefs – 2026 The AI Infrastructure Leverage Framework AI is not simply the new electricity. Previous automation waves displaced…
US sanctions and Venezuela’s energy security?
The origins of Venezuela’s lasting energy security crisis and its effects on the country’s public order and broader economy are often explained in light of the…
WTO Appellate Body Crisis: Who Really Loses?
How has the paralysis of the WTO’s Appellate Body since 2019 affected members unequally? While larger economies have adapted through the MPIA and bilateral…
Beyond OPEC: The UAE’s Strategic Shift
Main question: Why is the UAE leaving OPEC, and what are the consequences for geopolitics and global energy markets? Argument: The UAE seeks greater economic…
The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)
Main Question – How does the USMCA benefit its partner countries? Argument – The USMCA benefits the partner countries by enhancing protections for business…
Bigger Without Losing Better
Main question: How can the EU achieve enlargement without letting budget redistribution strains create disruptive domestic political deadlocks? Argument: The…
European STEM Mobility Guarantee
Main question: How can Europe eliminate financial and administrative barriers to provide equal access to cross-border STEM experiences for all students?…
Central Asian Vantage Point
Main question: How can European consultancies use Central Asia strategically? Argument: European consultancies can act as institutional and informational…
CPEC and EU Connectivity
Pakistan can strengthen EU trade and connectivity through transparent governance, sustainable development, and standards-based cooperation under CPEC and the…
The Mutual Industrial Resilience Program
How can the EU overcome structural vulnerabilities while reforming its slow, politically driven enlargement? The EU must deploy the €30B Industrial Resilience…
The Future of the Petrodollar
Main question: How might the energy transition affect the role and underlying strengths of the USD as the world’s reserve currency. Argument: one of the main…
The Weak Yen Trap
Q: Does Japan’s dollar exposure prevent the BoJ from raising rates? Arg: Low rates fuel carry trades that weaken the yen, while $1T+ in U.S. Treasuries ties…
The Euro as an international currency
– Should the ECB push the Euro internationally to incentivise smaller economies to take the Euro on as their anchor currency? – The general trend point towards…
Policy recommentdation and conclusion
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Editorial by Donát Oláh
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Monetary Blocs and International Currency
As in the past, the fragmentation of the global economy and the formation of geopolitical blocs inevitably lead to the emergence of monetary blocs and changes…
Who Controls Money?
How do cryptocurrencies affect financial stability and security compared to gold? Both rely on scarcity but differ in relation to state power. Gold is embedded…
The Euro: Power without Autonomy?
Main question: Why has the euro’s monetary power not translated into full EU strategic autonomy? Argument: While the euro functions as a growing geoeconomic…
Digital Currencies and their Implications
1. Asks how the introduction of the digital euro could impact International Relations, through changes in monetary power. 2. The digital euro could strengthen…
Dollar Dominance and Competing Currencies
What is the future of dollar dominance? This report argues the dollar will not be displaced despite geopolitical tensions and digital innovation, due to its…
