Graduated from the International Relations and Area Studies bachelor’s programme in Jagiellonian University, Poland. Wrote the BA thesis on disinformation campaigns in Europe and societal vulnerability to them. Specialises in international security affairs in the European region, with a particular research interest in issues of disinformation and propaganda. Contributed to the Think Tanks Essentials journal for The International Charitable Foundation “UDONATION” in Ukraine.
This article compares Kazakhstan and Armenia to examine how the war in Ukraine has reshaped Russian influence in the post-Soviet space. Rather than viewing Russian power as simply rising or falling, it analyzes two distinct mechanisms: Kazakhstan’s gradual, multi-vector economic and diplomatic di…
Russia maintains significant influence in Eurasia mainly through informational and cognitive warfare rather than direct military power. It uses media networks, reflexive control, shared Soviet history, and anti-West narratives in post-Soviet states to shape perceptions and political decisions. Ru…