Europe
Biannual reports on EU foreign and security policy, enlargement dynamics, cohesion challenges, and intra-European political developments.
Published biannually · Peer-reviewed
Rise of the Rest
In a time of geopolitical uncertainty whether grounded in historical ties, economic relations, pacts, treaties, or a combination of these. This article…
The Global Disorder Cycle
Main question: Is the world really oscillating between eras of recession and expansion, or is this logic purely linear and the result of chance? Argument: The…
Editorial of the 2nd report
This is the Editorial, it doesn’t have this
From fragmentation to flexibility
How can the EU design digital infrastructure ensuring both security and civil rights for times of peace and crisis? The answer lies in resilience by design,…
The Euro as an international currency
– Should the ECB push the Euro internationally to incentivise smaller economies to take the Euro on as their anchor currency? – The general trend point towards…
Who Controls Money?
How do cryptocurrencies affect financial stability and security compared to gold? Both rely on scarcity but differ in relation to state power. Gold is embedded…
The Euro: Power without Autonomy?
Main question: Why has the euro’s monetary power not translated into full EU strategic autonomy? Argument: While the euro functions as a growing geoeconomic…
Digital Currencies and their Implications
1. Asks how the introduction of the digital euro could impact International Relations, through changes in monetary power. 2. The digital euro could strengthen…
Dollar Dominance and Competing Currencies
What is the future of dollar dominance? This report argues the dollar will not be displaced despite geopolitical tensions and digital innovation, due to its…
Is the world moving beyond SWIFT?
Can CIPS, SPFS, and mBridge realistically replace SWIFT as the backbone of global financial messaging and settlement? Each alternative serves a distinct…
Designing Sanctions
To what extent does international law constrain the EU’s use of Russian central bank reserves? This article argues that sovereign immunity and the limits of…
The Attribution Problem at Sea
This brief examines whether the concept of the attribution problem can be applied to sabotage of critical underwater infrastructure (CUI) in the Baltic Sea. It…
EU Accession Process and the Barrier of Corruption
Ukraine’s accession highlights the question of whether alignment with EU law actually leads to real improvement in enforcement in practice. Even though Ukraine…
War in the Dark
1. Do Russian strikes on Ukrainian energy infrastructure violate international humanitarian law? 2. The attacks systematically targeted civilian infrastructure…
Follow Lithuania: Not only words, but also deeds
To what extent can Lithuania’s values-based foreign policy serve as a model for the EU? Lithuania demonstrates that a consistent values-based foreign policy is…
PDSF 2026
Main question: How can sovereignty be protected in a volatile, disrupted world? Argument: Power now depends on resilience, partnerships, chokepoints, and…
The EU’s Strategic Dilemma
This article investigates whether the EU AI Act can balance fundamental rights protection with economic competitiveness. While the Act strengthens a…
From Managed Permanence to Managed Mobility
Can circular migration provide a viable policy response to pressures for refugee return in Germany? Circular migration is presented as a mechanism to reconcile…
Meloni-Trump
Main question: What elements led to the breakdown of the Meloni-Trump partnership and what are the risks for Italy’s Atlanticist vision? Argument: The crisis…
From Drone Strategy 2.0 To a Trusted EU Drone
Can the EU move from a strong civilian drone framework to achieving air sovereignty through a more security- and defence-oriented drone strategy, and how…
