Market-shaping describes a reconfiguration of state capacity where public spending is used to stimulate private competition and purchase services rather than building capacity directly.
Documents: 📂 Source Document
From Apollo to Artemis:
Assessing US State Capacity through the Lunar Programmes
Key Insights
Q: Does the shift from the state-led Apollo program to the Artemis program represent a decline in U.S. state capacity or a strategic adaptation? A: While Apollo demonstrated state-led mobilization, Artemis exercises capacity through market-shaping, coordinating private innovation, and managing interdependencies. Conclusion: This shift reveals a reconfiguration of state capacity, proving that modern power is exercised through the setting of standards and incentives rather than direct production.
Cite this brief
Massaro, P., Hiller, A. (2026). From Apollo to Artemis:. EPIS Insight · International Relations & Diplomacy.