The Securitisation of Arctic Science
About the Article How does the use of technological monitoring in the Arctic turn environmental information into a security issue? This arti…
EPIS Magazine · Issue I
EPIS Magazine — Issue I
The inaugural issue of the EPIS Magazine.
261 articles in this issue
The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)
The USMCA strengthens trade by protecting businesses, innovators, and workers while promoting economic growth and closer cooperation among i…
The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides the legal framework for creating, interpreting, amending, and ending treaties, forming…
Plaid Cymru, SNP, and the Cracking Union
The UK elections renewed debate over independence as Plaid Cymru advanced in Wales and the SNP strengthened its position in Scotland, keepin…
Hybrid Security Regimes in Practice
Hybrid security regimes are deliberate political strategies that expand state influence through flexible, state-aligned networks rather than…
The Paradox of Tunisia’s Arab Spring
The Jasmine Revolution showed that lasting democracy depends not only on constitutional reform but also on strong institutions, accountabili…
Escalation in the Dark
China’s nuclear expansion is increasing uncertainty around crisis decision-making, making deterrence less predictable and raising the risk o…
The IDSF on security challenges in the Middle East
According to IDSF, Israel’s security relies on national resilience, technological innovation, and regional partnerships, while deradicalizat…
Dependency Theory
Main Question: Why do some countries remain economically dependent despite participating in the global economy and attracting foreign invest…
The Arab Springs in Yemen : A stolen revolution
This article examines how external intervention in the Yemeni revolution contributed to one of the most severe humanitarian crises of our ti…
What Post-Brexit Britain Can Learn From the Past
Britain’s strategy has long relied on alliances, balancing Europe, and deterring Russia. Today, sustaining that approach requires adapting t…
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Limited Statehood
Limited Statehood: How Armed Groups Fill Governance Gaps in Sub-Saharan Africa When state authority is weak or absent, armed groups may seiz…
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What It Takes to Build Peace Today
-In an era of escalating global instability, what does it truly take to move beyond short-term deterrence and build lasting, sustainable pea…
Hydro-Hegemony: Türkiye’s Leverage over Syria Iraq
How does Türkiye’s Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) transform upstream water control into geoeconomic leverage over Syria and Iraq? This …
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From Medicine to Military Tech
From Medicine to Military Tech A Founder’s Journey Himmel: Dr. Andres, you are a doctor, and now you sell optics and advocate for the idea t…
Central Banks’ Geoeconomics
How do central banks and digital currencies, particularly the Digital Euro, shape geoeconomic competition and European integration? CBDCs ha…
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The Baltic Pivot
The Baltic Pivot: Poland’s Strategic Reorientation By Radosław BinkiewiczEPIS Think Tank – Report Group: Security Policy and Defence The art…
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What to Buy in the Future?
What to Buy in the Future? Recalibrating European Defence Spending to Decrease Structural Dependencies Executive Summary Europe has increase…
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Intelligence as part of European grand strategy
Intelligence as a part of European grand strategy: a feasible future on a larger scale? Introduction Intelligence agencies help policymakers…
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Reconfiguring Europe’s Forward Presence:
Anna Lena Gansäuer Anton Hahn Draft V3, June 26, 2026 Reconfiguring Europe’s Forward Presence: Designing a Credible Eastern Flank Postu…
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A doctrine before a strategy
A doctrine before a strategy: Building the preconditions of European grand strategic reasoning The European Union confronts acute geopolitic…
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Democratic backsliding in Latin America
Democratic backsliding in Latin America: erosion from within and the case of Argentina In modern politics, Latin America has often served as…
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The militarization of the Arctic
Carla Reinhard and Filippo Perini, EPIS Arctic & Space Report Group Overall Report Theme: The Militarization of the Arctic Article Research …
US sanctions and Venezuela’s energy security?
The origins of Venezuela’s lasting energy security crisis and its effects on the country’s public order and broader economy are often explai…
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One model, distinct results
Title: One model, distinct results: Why is Bukele model failing in Ecuador On the 7th of January, guards at La Regional prison in the port c…
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Investing in Security
Investing in Security: How EU Fiscal Rules Undermine European Strategic Autonomy – and What to Do About It By Patryk Borowski Introduction E…
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Frozen Frontlines
Frozen Frontlines: NATO Expansion, Russian Force Rebalancing, and the New Militarization of the Arctic by Brayden Blaylock Introduction: The…
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Investment Arbitration’s New Architecture
Investment Arbitration’s New Architecture How UNCITRAL and ICSID reforms are reshaping investor–State dispute settlement The reform of inves…
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From Sovereignty to Sustainability
From Sovereignty to Sustainability: Natural Resources and Investment Protection in International Economic Law Natural resources represent a …
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Strategic non-nuclear weapons and the NPT
Strategic non-nuclear weapons and the NPT: Revisiting the binary distinction of Article IX(3) The emergence of strategic non-nuclear weapons…
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Legal Coalitions in a Multipolar World
Legal Coalitions in a Multipolar World How the EU can defend, repair and extend rules in a contested global order by Maximilian Schlenker By…
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The Middle Power Dilemma
The Italian Blueprint for Space Security: Deterrence, Awareness, and European Integration In 2019, NATO announced a groundbreaking strategic…
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Outer Space Treaty: An Old But Visionary Document
EPIS Basics: Outer Space Treaty: An Old But Visionary DocumentWords: 480 Introduction: The 1967 Outer Space Treaty (OST), drafted during the…
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“The Arbitral Shield in the Moon Rush”
The Arbitral Shield in the Moon Rush: Resolving “Safety Zone” and Expropriation Disputes under the Artemis Accords Ioana Marin – RG Arctic &…
United States and China Strategic Competition
Main Question: Does China’s rise threaten North American security and economic interests? Argument: Military modernization, supply chain com…
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One partnership – Three trajectories?
Main question: Why were the protests in Moldova (2009) and Ukraine (2014) successful, while they were suppressed in Belarus (2020)?
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Armenia’s Policy Shift: Russia & The West
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Cognitive Power Without Projection
Russia maintains significant influence in Eurasia mainly through informational and cognitive warfare rather than direct military power. It u…
At the Border of Rights
North American migration policies increasingly prioritise deterrence and border security over humanitarian protection. Restrictive asylum sy…
Canada’s Strategic Foresight for 2025–2035
Main question: How can Canada ensure economic survival and sovereignty while caught between an unpredictable, transactional U.S. and a coerc…
Bridging the Gap
1. The interview explores why transatlantic security often overlooks local and state leaders. 2. Joshua Burgin argues that strong personal n…
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EU Enlargement and EP Seat Allocation Reform
Main question: How can the EU reform seat allocation in the European Parliament to integrate new candidate states without breaking the 750-m…
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THE EUROPEAN DIRECTORATE
Main question: How can the EU reform its decision-making structures to allow rapid expansion without causing governance paralysis? Argument:…
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Policy Proposal: Accession Optimisation
Main question: How can the EU accelerate its enlargement process to maintain strategic credibility without causing reform fatigue in candida…
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Redistributing Influence
How has the war in Ukraine transformed Russia’s influence on the Korean Peninsula? The article argues that Russia is redistributing its infl…
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EU Enlargement
Main question: How can the EU expand to maintain geopolitical influence without causing institutional stagnation or a budget drain? Argument…
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Rethinking the EU’s Expansion Dilemmas
Main question: How can the EU pursue geopolitically necessary enlargement without weakening its internal cohesion and governance capacity? A…
European STEM Mobility Guarantee
Main question: How can Europe eliminate financial and administrative barriers to provide equal access to cross-border STEM experiences for a…
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Bigger or Better?
Main question: How can the EU expand its borders via geopolitically urgent enlargement without causing paralysis in its decision-making voti…
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Progressive EU Accession Path for Ukraine
Main question: How can the EU offer Ukraine meaningful integration benefits during a long pre-accession period without resorting to a politi…
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Iceland’s Path to EU Membership
Main question: How can Iceland and the EU structure an enlargement framework that reconciles economic sovereignty concerns with shifting Arc…
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A Sectoral Roadmap to EU Integration
Main question: How can the EU advance cooperation and prevent loss of influence in Georgia, given structural incompatibility, political ambi…
Rethinking Enlargement for a New Age of the EU
The article argues that the EU should adopt a dual-track enlargement model, enabling candidate states to join sector-specific policies befor…
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Strategic Association Treaty (SAT)
Main question: How can the EU enhance its strategic autonomy and competitiveness without causing internal deadlock through full membership e…
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Constitutional Identity in EU Membership
Main question: How can the EU ensure candidate states align with its core values when accession mainly measures legislative compliance rathe…
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Central Asian Vantage Point
Main question: How can European consultancies use Central Asia strategically? Argument: European consultancies can act as institutional and …
What is Anarchy and can we overcome it?
[EPIS Basic Contribution]
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The Mutual Industrial Resilience Program
How can the EU overcome structural vulnerabilities while reforming its slow, politically driven enlargement? The EU must deploy the €30B Ind…
Policy Paper: The Cost of Unpredictability
Main question: how can policymakers address and navigate current geopolitical situation? Argument: Due to the absence of a central authority…
Rise of the Rest
Amid geopolitical uncertainty, this article explores how Ireland can leverage its strong relationship with the US to promote democratic valu…
The Global Disorder Cycle
This article asks whether history follows recurring cycles of recession and expansion or unfolds by chance. It argues that downturns reflect…
From Moscow to Caracas
In an era of rapidly developing social media, cyber threats such as manipulation, fake news, and disinformation are also expanding as elemen…
Hostage Diplomacy
Why are foreign nationals increasingly used as leverage rather than prosecuted? This article argues that hostage diplomacy persists because …
Allies in Uncertain Times
How did the EU respond to Trump-era uncertainty in U.S. foreign policy? Rather than abandoning the transatlantic alliance, it diversified it…
China’s Reactions to US Belligerence under Trump
How has China responded to recent U.S. actions in Greenland, Venezuela, and Iran? This article argues that rather than expanding through coe…
Making Greenland and Venezuela Great Again
Does Trump’s approach to Venezuela and Greenland reflect modern imperialism? This article argues that his policies display elements of econo…
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Iranian Resistence between Opression and War:
1. Sanaie links her family’s persecution to support for the NCRI and its vision of a secular democratic Iran. 2. She says protests are drive…
The Crisis in Cabo Delgado: Why Mozambique Matters
A forgotten humanitarian crisis with deepening roots Rwanda’s intervention is strategically self-serving, not purely altruistic A new, fragm…
Anglophone Conflict in Cameroon
Historical roots driving a neglected conflict Structural silencing keeps the crisis hidden International complicity dims the spotlight furth…
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The Future of the Petrodollar
Main question: How might the energy transition affect the role and underlying strengths of the USD as the world’s reserve currency. Argument…
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The Weak Yen Trap
Q: Does Japan’s dollar exposure prevent the BoJ from raising rates? Arg: Low rates fuel carry trades that weaken the yen, while $1T+ in U.S.…
The Euro as an international currency
– Should the ECB push the Euro internationally to incentivise smaller economies to take the Euro on as their anchor currency? – The general …
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Monetary Blocs and International Currency
As in the past, the fragmentation of the global economy and the formation of geopolitical blocs inevitably lead to the emergence of monetary…
Who Controls Money?
How do cryptocurrencies affect financial stability and security compared to gold? Both rely on scarcity but differ in relation to state powe…
The Euro: Power without Autonomy?
Main question: Why has the euro’s monetary power not translated into full EU strategic autonomy? Argument: While the euro functions as a gro…
Digital Currencies and their Implications
1. Asks how the introduction of the digital euro could impact International Relations, through changes in monetary power. 2. The digital eur…
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Dollar Dominance and Competing Currencies
What is the future of dollar dominance? This report argues the dollar will not be displaced despite geopolitical tensions and digital innova…
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Bahrain after the Arab Spring
This article asks why Bahrain’s Arab Spring uprising failed to produce democratic change. It argues that the monarchy survived through repre…
Is the world moving beyond SWIFT?
Can CIPS, SPFS, and mBridge realistically replace SWIFT as the backbone of global financial messaging and settlement? Each alternative serve…
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The continued fight for democracy
the reoprt follows how different countries in the MENA region have been shaped by the arab spring, focussing on its effects on 1. the legal …
Bridging Euro-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Security
RQ: With security theatres merging, can NATO and the IP4 build a structured partnership? Arg: Integration offers key benefits for supply cha…
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Morocco’s Dual Strategy of Control
Main question: Why has Morocco experienced renewed youth-led protest (GENZ212) more than a decade after the Arab Spring, despite formal poli…
Designing Sanctions
To what extent does international law constrain the EU’s use of Russian central bank reserves? This article argues that sovereign immunity a…
Dollar Dominance: The Fed’s Geopolitical Shadow
Main Question: How does Fed monetary policy shape US geopolitical power, and what does the Powell-to-Warsh transition mean for dollar domina…
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Regionalising Maritime Domain Awareness in SEA
– what are the challenges inhibiting a comprehensive MDA strategy in SEA? – On a technical and governance level, SEA states are uncoordinate…
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Philippine Energy Security: The 2026 Crisis
– How can the Philippines mitigate national security threats from “single-source” energy reliance and Maritime chokepoint disruptions? – The…
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Surviving the Spring
Show moreShow lessMain question: How did Egypt’s regime survive the 2011 uprising and re-emerge stronger? Argument: It did so through “compo…
U.S. Intervention in Nigeria’s Security Crisis
The Christmas Day 2025 US missile strike was far more contested than the official narrative suggested The US had multiple motivations beyon…
The advance of the Hydra
How and why jihadist violence spread to Benin and Togo — Structural weaknesses across the Sahel created power vacuums that terrorist groups …
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The Security Dilemma in post-Arab Spring Libya
How did the Arab Spring shape Libya’s long-term political fragmentation and insecurity? The 2011 uprising dismantled weak state institutions…
Managing Instability in Senegal
Why the Casamance conflict began — Deep-rooted colonial history created ethnic, religious, and cultural divisions between the Joola-majority…
Strategic Engagement
Main Question: How can young professionals successfully enter and influence the highly competitive United Nations ecosystem? Argument: Entry…
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ME Instability & the US-China Power Balance
1: How does the escalation of instability in the Middle East affect the global balance of power between the U.S. and China, and what are the…
The Gulf Cooperation Council Explained
Main question: Why do Gulf states cooperate within the GCC despite internal rivalries and regional instability? Argument: The GCC functions …
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Tianxia, All Under Heaven
– What is the Chinese concept of Tianxia? Can be useful in the international system? – Tianxia aimed to represent a civilised society govern…
Supply Shock: Why is Gas so Expensive?
1) Why does a supply shock impact gas prices? 2) Changes to oil production capabilities affect the oil supply and its prices. 3) A supply sh…
Cybersecurity Redefined: Preemptive Defense
How can organizations move beyond a “reactive” cybersecurity mindset that only addresses breaches after they have caused damage? By utilizin…
The new narrative of Europe after the MSC
Main Question: What role must Europe play following the shifts in global stability highlighted by the Munich Security Conference? Argument: …
Discussing Consultancy in a Shifting Landscape
Main Question: How can businesses navigate an increasingly fragmented and uncertain geopolitical landscape? Argument: Companies must integra…
Unfinished Revolutions
main question: how different mena questions developed post arab spring, how did this manifest politically and legally through out the region…
At Europe’s Door: Italy’s Migration Crisis
How does Italy’s bilateral agreement with Albania fit within the broader EU migration framework? The protocol is innovative because it maint…
Rhetoric Over Rules: EU Migration Crisis
To what extent does anti-migrant rhetoric in Hungary and Poland undermine EU migration solidarity under the 2024 Pact? Both governments use …
Interview with Lola Aworanti-Ekugo
How can the Global South advance in digital trade and AI? Effective digital trade requires inclusive policies, public-private collaboration,…
Digital Sovereignty in a Fragmented World
How do different countries approach digital sovereignty in a fragmented global tech landscape? States adopt models reflecting politics, econ…
CADA: Scaling EU Cloud Autonomy
Can CADA reduce the EU’s strategic vulnerability from reliance on foreign cloud infrastructure? CADA aims to build secure, EU-controlled clo…
Cyberattacks on EU Critical Infrastructure
Which EU critical infrastructure sectors face the greatest cyber risk, and which threat modalities are most active? The EU threat environmen…
Global Competition over AI governance models
How do the US, EU, and China’s differing AI governance models shape global competition and the emerging international AI order? Divergent mo…
Cross-Border Data Flow Governance
How do different national frameworks (EU, US, China, India) govern cross-border data flows while balancing economic benefits with digital so…
AI and the New Geopolitics of Digital Sovereignty
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Strait of Hormuz
This essay aims to highlight the impact of the current blockade of the Strait of Hormuz on the EU, how it is managing, relatively, the crisi…
Egypt and the Nile
-Egypt has enjoyed a normative hegemony over the Nile’s waters since the period of British colonialism. -As riparian basin states seek to de…
Critical political ecology (CPE)
– The concept of critical political ecology highlights the link between the moral and practical concerns of the environmental movement and c…
The Failure of R2P’s Third Pillar
What barriers are there to the adoption and enforcement of the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine? Through the case studies of Myanmar, Ukra…
Use of Aid After the 2023 Turkey–Syria Quake
– Was international aid provided after the Turkish–Syrian earthquake used appropriately? – Despite substantial funding, centralised administ…
Accountability and Corruption in Humanitarian Aid
Main question: How can humanitarian aid stay efficient while preventing corruption? Argument: Strong, system-wide accountability, coordinati…
When Aid Becomes a Weapon
1. Does the long-standing belief that independent, international agencies are best suited to deliver humanitarian assistance still hold toda…
“They Call It Peace, But We Cannot Fish”
1.Does sustained, non-kinetic maritime coercion in the South China Sea generate legal obligations under international humanitarian and human…
Hidden Corruption in Supply Chains
-Main question: Why does corruption persist in global supply chains despite existing international standards and corporate compliance tools?…
ISIS 2.0
This brief addresses which counter-terrorism adaptations are necessary for European Union policymakers to address threats from ISIS 2.0, whi…
Resilient Roots: EU Tech Grants for Farmers
How can the EU accelerate climate tool adoption for smallholders in Africa and SE Asia without increasing financial risk? Loan-based models …
Policy Incompatibility in the European Union
Do the monetary costs expected to be saved by businesses through simplification initiatives outweigh the possibly detrimental costs for envi…
When Mediation Becomes Power Politics
Under what political conditions does peace mediation contribute to genuine conflict transformation? The article argues that peace mediation …
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NATO-KFOR’s Deterrence in Northern Kosovo
Is NATO-KFOR effective enough in addressing the security threats Kosovo faces? KFOR either needs reform to better address the ongoing threat…
Water Diplomacy and River Basin Organisations
This article discusses how unilateral mega-infrastructure projects generate conditions of water stress and asks whether river basin organisa…
Ending UNIFIL
What will happen when UNIFIL leaves Lebanon after years of peacekeeping? UNIFIL has been an important anchor of stability in the region. How…
Water as an Instrument of War
Should the environment be used as an instrument of war ?
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How History Informs Ideas of Taiwanese Sovereignty
How have historical experiences shaped competing ideas of Taiwanese sovereignty, and why does this history continue to structure contemporar…
The EU as an External Actor in the Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict
– How effective is the EU as an external actor in the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict? -The EU’s normative ambitions …
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The Rohingya Crisis
Why has China blocked attempts to invoke the Responsibility to Protect doctrine in the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar? The failure to invoke R2P…
Blue Helmets, Yellow Tape
Who are the Blue Helmets and what do they do? The Blue Helmets are the military peacekeeping personnel of the United Nations and seek to fac…
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THE WAR IN SUDAN
The article examines how authoritarian collapse, elite division, and foreign proxies shape Sudan’s war. Using neo-realist and political mark…
The Future of German Aerospace
Role and Impact: As BDLI’s Managing Director, she represents 260+ companies in the German aerospace sector, which employs 115,000 people and…
Key developments of European Security
The tacit knowledge involved in the defence sector makes it difficult to simply convert civilian facilities and personnel into assets of the…
Germany’s Quest for Military Leadership
-Should Germany pursue the ambition to build Europe’s strongest conventional army given its economic costs and constraints? -Rearmament can …
Deterrence Through Industrial Reinforcement
How does Europe’s defence-industrial base compare to Russia’s war economy, and what must Europe change to sustain high-intensity war and cre…
Dissuading hybrid deterrence
– How is traditional warfare not enough in countering hybrid threats? – Traditional warfare is an insufficient tool in dissuading and counte…
From Mines to Missiles
Question: How can Europe strengthen its position in the field of rare-earth elements (REEs)? Onshoring, allied shoring, and nearshoring, und…
Strategic Autonomy in a Digital Age
Main Question: How can the EU achieve strategic autonomy in defense amid technological disruption and geopolitical rivalry? Argument: Europe…
Shaping Europe’s Security – A Formula for Success?
This article highlights changes within the CSDP/CFSP framework and evaluates the security and industrial initiatives that reflect this shift…
Privatizing war
Main question: How have international legal norms adapted to the rise of private military and security companies (PMSCs), and with what cons…
Iranian Defence Industry
How did Iran build and operates its defence industry? Through the pursuit of defence autarky, reverse engineering, civil-military fusion and…
What Is Deterrence? Core Concepts and Distinctions
Prevention via Cost-Benefit Calculus: Deterrence aims to persuade an adversary that the costs and risks of an offensive action far outweigh …
Interview: Minilateralism in East Asia
Main Question: How do minilateral arrangements shape East Asian cooperation? Argument: Forums like ASEAN provide broad frameworks, while min…
Ireland’s Small State Diplomacy
Main Question: How can a small state like Ireland exert influence in the EU and globally? Argument: Ireland leverages multilateral instituti…
Europe’s Defence Minilateralism
1. Main Question: How do European countries advance defence-industrial integration amid limited EU consensus? 2. Argument: In response to US…
NATO Hybrid Partnerships & Networked Security
Main Question: How is NATO adapting to transnational threats through hybrid partnerships and networked security? Argument: NATO expands beyo…
Russian Digital PSYOPS in CEE
1. Main Question: How does Russian digital diplomacy and PSYOPS influence politics and security in Central-Eastern Europe? 2. Argument: Russ…
Russia’s BRICS+ & SCO Strategy
1. Main Question: How is Russia using BRICS+ and the SCO to navigate Western isolation? 2. Argument: Following Western sanctions and exclusi…
EU-India Partnership: Trade Deal Urgency
1. Main Question: How urgent is the EU-India partnership and trade deal for both sides? 2. Argument: With U.S. tariffs and China’s assertive…
BRI vs Global Gateway: Battle for Infrastructure
1. Main Question: Can the EU’s Global Gateway be a viable alternative to China’s Belt and Road Initiative? 2. Argument: While the BRI domina…
NAM in the 21st Century: South’s Strategic Rise
1. Main Question: How has the Non-Aligned Movement evolved from Cold War neutrality to a tool for Global South influence? 2. Argument: NAM n…
Rethinking Security in a Post-Westphalian World
1. Main Question: How does the growing role of non-state actors transform global security beyond the state’s traditional Westphalian claim t…
Policy Recommendation: Trade Policy
Question: How do trade wars impact global economics, and how can states respond? Argument: Trade wars disrupt supply chains, raise prices, a…
Post-Trump defense shifts
Question: How did Trump’s policies affect Europe’s defense industry? Argument: “America First” pushed Europe to spend more and seek autonomy…
Impact of Tariffs: Indo-Pacific Trade Agreements
Question: How are tariffs used as foreign policy tools in the Indo-Pacific? Argument: Tariffs now signal political intent, reshape supply ch…
Tariffs: Domestic Costs, Global Repercussions
Question: How have U.S. tariffs since 2018 impacted inflation and global markets? Argument: Meant to protect industries, tariffs raised cost…
Effects of Trade Wars on the Bretton Woods System
Question: How have Bretton Woods institutions adapted to new economic realities? Argument: Once stabilizing post-war economies, the IMF, Wor…
A New Era of Economic Nationalism
How do Trump-era tariffs and foreign aid cuts reflect economic nationalism and impact the global order? Tariffs and aid reductions, though a…
EPIS 10: Security, Society and Sustainability
The interview discussed, among other topics, Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the Green Party’s position on delivering weapons to…
Hedging Against Uncertainty
What is Hedging? Hedging is a foreign policy strategy of states against uncertainty. Hedging, although a contested concept, can help observe…
About Defence Readiness 2030
The article asks how the EU can achieve defense readiness by 2030 while reducing reliance on the US. It argues that Europe is finally respon…
Shifting Paradigms
The text asks whether Chinese experts’ long-held views of the EU as an economic stabilizer and nonrival are shifting. It argues that while m…
Taiwan Is Not Ukraine
Is Taiwan really the next Ukraine? Amid rising tensions in the Indo-Pacific, Lenaïg Deslandes challenges the increasingly common comparison …
Entering a New Phase of Geopolitical De-Risking
Can U.S. cities protect themselves from foreign influence? As Sino-U.S. sister city partnerships come under growing scrutiny, Vincent Sipeer…
Missing the Jungle for the Trees
How did US intelligence miss the warning signs of the Tet Offensive? Dmytro Sochnyev revisits one of the Vietnam War’s most consequential in…
When Supply Lines Become Fault Lines
Can Japan and South Korea keep the lights on amid Indo-Pacific tensions? As rising geopolitical frictions threaten critical maritime routes,…
Foresight Analysis for Policymaking in International Relations
Can policymakers really anticipate the future? As uncertainty defines today’s global politics, Jonatan von Moltke explores the rise of fores…
China 2049 vs. India 2047
What are the great power plans for the mid-21st century—and how do they differ? China and India are charting rival paths toward global influ…
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AI in Defence
How is AI used in cybersecurity and critical infrastructure defense in Europe? AI amplifies attacks and defenses, widening threats and needi…
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AWS Regulation: Accountability & IHL
Can existing laws adequately govern Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS)? A regulatory framework, not a ban, ensures accountability and civilian…
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Policy Recommendations
How can AI be used safely in NATO and EU cyber operations? AI boosts cyber defence but needs oversight, security, and coordination. Combinin…
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Turkey’s Media and the Rise of Misinformation
How has Turkey’s politics shaped its information ecosystem? The AKP and President Erdoğan control the media and manipulate narratives. Turki…
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Technological Aspect of an Emerging Market
How is AI changing modern warfare? AI boosts targeting, intelligence, and autonomy in combat. Militaries must pair AI with oversight and reg…
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AI and the Future of Warfare
How does AI impact modern warfare and IHL compliance? AI weapons and cyber tools boost military power but risk civilian harm and legal accou…
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AI in Peace Negotiations
How can AI support peace negotiations? AI can enhance conflict analysis, translation, and decision-making, addressing key challenges in comp…
Competing Futures
International Criminal Lawis ineffective at protecting the environment in conflict, perhaps stronger solutionsshould be in place, should the…
Building Resilience in the Arctic
How can Arctic communities adapt to rapid climate change and growing geopolitical pressure? The Arctic faces compounding threats—from permaf…
Climate Justice in EU Policy
How can the EU achieve climate goals while ensuring social equity? Climate action must be both environmentally ambitious and socially just. …
The Northern Sea Route
Is the Northern Sea Route a strategic asset or a climate risk? While the NSR offers economic and geopolitical benefits to Russia and China, …
The Arctic’s Economic Future
Can the Arctic become a new economic frontier without sacrificing Indigenous rights and ecosystems? While economic interest in a thawing Arc…
A Warm Introduction
How is a thawing Arctic reshaping global geopolitics? Climate change is unlocking new strategic and economic opportunities in the Arctic, in…
The Concept of Environmental Security
– What are the main merits and pitfalls of treating climante change as a security issue? – As stated by the Copenhagen School’s theory of se…
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R2P: A UN Norm For Mass Atrocity Prevention
1. What is R2P and its challenges/controversies? 2. It is a UN norm that establishes a responsibility to protect one’s own citizens and impo…
Shadows of Hope
Ahmad Shah Mohibi reflects on his experiences of peacekeeping in the Afghan war. Deriving lessons learned, he takes us through a historical …
Elmar Brok: A Voice for European Security
How has Elmar Brok shaped the EU’s external action and crisis response? As one of the longest-serving MEPs, Brok played a key role in defini…
Stealthily stabbing the Red Dragon
Main Question: Can new US stealth aircraft like the F-47 and B-21 stop China’s rise as a dominant air power in the Pacific? Argument: The U…
Papal Diplomacy
Since World War II, the Holy See has used its moral authority to engage actively in reconstruction, diplomacy, and the promotion of human ri…
France’s Diplomatic Future in a Shifting World
Didier le Bret reflects on his career shaped by crises from post-Soviet transitions to the Haiti earthquake. He argues that France must comb…
Israel’s Use of Force: Legal or Dangerous Shift?
Is Israel redrawing the boundaries of international law by force? This article examines Israel’s justification of pre-emptive self-defence a…
From Keeping Peace to Deterring Threats
The European military mentality has shifted for a large part away from peacekeeping obligations in the recent years. Of course, the European…
Operationalizing Deterrence
How is NATO translating its strategic realignment since the 2022 Madrid Summit into an effective military posture in its command structures,…
Beyond the Battlefield
What impact does the WPS Agenda have on NATO’s Peace Operations and strategies? The enhanced operational effectiveness through the integrati…
Trump and and the American Unilateralism
How does the Trump doctrine influence the U.S.’ unilateral engagement? The Trump doctrine follows that America’s needs are of primary concer…
Conflict-Related Sexual Violence
What are current discourses about conflict-related sexual violence? The world is currently experiencing the highest number of conflicts sinc…
Peacekeeping After the Russia-Ukraine War
What impact does Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine have on peacekeeping? Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine as a permanent Security …
AI in Conflict Prevention
What are the potentials and challenges of the use of AI in conflict prevention? The integration of AI demands inclusive governance framework…
Rearming at What Cost?
Main question: Should European governments cut social spending to increase military budgets in response to rising global threats? Argument: …
Facing the Geoeconomic Reality
Main Question: How can Europe make its critical raw materials (CRMs) supply chain more resilient amid geopolitical and economic challenges? …
The Link Between Migration And Terrorism
Main question: How do different forms of migration impact international terrorist incidents? Argument: Humanitarian migration, due to socio…
From Arms Race to Innovation Race
Main Question: Does the concept of an “AI arms race” accurately describe current global AI competition? Argument: While AI has military app…
Algorithmic Deterrence: U.S.-China Arms Race
Main Question: How does the militarization of AI by the U.S. and China contribute to global instability? Argument: The AI arms race between…
The External Politics of the Israel-Hamas War
Main Question: Why does the Gaza war persist despite international efforts to end it? Argument: Regional powers exploit the Gaza conflict to…
Satellite Security and Post-Quantum-Cryptography
Is current satellite cybersecurity sufficient to address emerging threats, especially with rising space reliance? Most commercial satellites…
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Between Washington and Berlin
While strategic autonomy remains a key ambition, Europe’s defence still largely depends on transatlantic cooperation, making full independen…
Introduction to the Security Dilemma
1. Why do we see increases in defense spending despite claims for peace? 2. In an anarchic world, peace is guaranteed by the state’s actions…
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Westphalian Order Under Siege
How does Donald Trump’s rhetoric challenge the foundational Westphalian principles underpinning the Western alliance? Trump’s rhetorical imp…
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Speer Group: A symbol of European cooperation
How can private equity, through firms like Speer Group, strengthen European defence cooperation? By filling critical gaps in early-stage def…
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US Influence on European Defence Policy
What influence does the United States have on the development of the European Defence Policy? The American influence on the development of E…
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Macron’s European Nuclear Umbrella
Emmanuel Macron’s proposal of a European Nuclear Umbrella is based on growing concerns regarding US credibility in NATO. The proposal is pol…
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Accelerating Innovation Through Defence Spending
How can we maximise the societal benefit of increasing defence expenditure? There is a positive correlation between higher defence expenditu…
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The Cybersecurity Capability Gap
1. What cyber capability gaps does the EU grapple with? 2. The EU lacks operational coherence, offensive capabilities, and personnel infrast…
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Europe’s Quest for the Long Reach
This article compares asymmetries in European and Russian long-range missile arsenals and concludes that Europe has significant capability g…
The Future of War Is Hybrid
Hybrid warfare is shaping the future of conflict by expanding battlefields beyond the military domain, leveraging political, economic, and s…
Europe Must Stay Vigilant
Mika Aaltola explains how Russia’s war in Ukraine transformed Finnish public opinion and pushed Finland into NATO. He argues that Finland’s …
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Climate Change and Global Power Shifts
The report outlines current climate challenges and the geopolitical consequences of environmental change. It highlights disparities in respo…
Disaster Diplomacy
How and why do disaster-related activities succeed or fail to foster peace and reduce conflict? China’s disaster diplomacy can build bridges…
Chinese Positioning in the Melting Arctic
This article emphasizes the duality of China’s position—as both an economic partner and a potential disruptor to the status quo—while addres…
Green Theory in International Relations
Green Theory in International Relations (IR) examines the intersection of environmental issues and global politics, emphasizing sustainabili…
Drones as a Two-Edged Sword in Disaster Management
What role do Drones play in India’s Disaster Management and why could this be considered problematic? The same data-gathering capabilities t…
Natural Disasters and Conflict: An Uneasy Relationship
How do international relations influence the aftermath of natural disasters in South and East Asia, especially migration and conflict? Clima…
Natural Disasters and the Future of Foreign Policy in East Asia:
How can theoretical frameworks address the complexities of state responses to climate change? Liberalism highlights cooperation through inte…
The Role of Social Networks in Disaster Response
How do social networks enhance disaster response and resilience? Social networks facilitate rapid communication, resource sharing, and coord…
Natural Disasters and National Security:
Does the increase in natural disasters pose a military or security threat, especially in regions with delicate political climates? I write a…
Ripple Effects
How do natural disasters impact Asia’s trade, industry, and regional stability? Disasters disrupt supply chains, manufacturing, and agricult…
Opinion Building About Israel-Palestine Conflict
The Israel-Palestine conflict is one of the most enduring and complex geopolitical issues in modern history. The conflict’s complexity makes…
The Effect of Double Tax Treaties On Foreign Relations
Double Tax Treaties influence the participating states’ tax revenue. In the past, they have been accompanying the rise and fall of diplomati…
Hiding in Plain Sight
Over the past years, open-source intelligence (OSINT) has gained increasing public attention. This background article analyses the power and…
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EPIS Basics: Thucydides’ Trap
The text explores Thucydides’ Trap: rising power sparks war. Fear, honor, and interest are key motives for conflict. Creative diplomacy offe…
Armament Supply For Ukraine
Whether Ukraine is supported by arms deliveries or whether this only prolongs a devastating war is a difficult question. Diplomacy does not …
Stop Further Schengenigans
New EU members shouldn’t agree to the same Schengen Accession rules that Romania and Bulgaria signed. It’s better for democracy.
Anarchy and Institutions
How impactful are institutions at mitigating anarchy in International Relations? This article will dive into this question to provide a cons…
Realism or Idealism
Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems are the latest contested development in warfare. This article will examine different approaches to their re…
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Is my Crystal Ball Better than Yours?
Strategic foresight is a serious discipline and a risky business. Even with profound experience and a systematic methodology, attempts to lo…
From Hermit Kingdom to Queendom
It is all about sending a message: Introducing a successor is not why Kim Jong-un showcases his daughter. Rather, he wants to send a message…
Continuity and Change in the Middle Eastern Security Landscape
The dynamic Middle Eastern security landscape is in a constant state of transformation. Highlighting crucial trends, including the Abraham A…
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EPIS Basics: Total Defense
Total Defense emphasizes a society-wide effort to strengthen national resilience. It integrates civil, military, and institutional resources…
The World Youth Day as a Diplomat for the Universal Church
In view of the most recent Catholic World Youth Day in Lisbon, this comment outlines its global impact. The event offers young adults the ex…
Unraveling Order
Global economic regime is fragmenting and is being securitised. This brings new risks and opportunities for all state actors to challenge an…
The Future of the European Union
Quo vadis, Europe? Cases can be made for rising, stagnant, or declining levels of cooperation within the EU. An examination of implications …
The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is all but surprising, considering Moscow’s history of aggression against neighbouring countries. In addition, …
Panther Trumps Leopard
A deal without losers? Why the arms deal between South Korea and Poland holds benefits for both countries, and which implications it carries…
Security, Communication and the Role of the Police in Germany
Perceived security is influenced by a range of factors, among them work and presence of the police. This article looks at the interplay betw…
The Islamic Republic of Iran as a Factor of Influence in Afghanistan
This article provides a review of the history of Tehran-Kabul-relations. In summary, Iran’s attempts to exert influence become evident when …
The Political and Economic Power of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps
The Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps play an important role in the country’s political and economic spheres. Their power in both business a…
How to Hug a Panda
China’s rapid rise has prompted an extensive reevaluation of national security, technological competition, and trade dependencies in the Wes…
Navigating Troubled Waters
The article discusses the current security challenges in the Black Sea region. The war in Ukraine has revealed vulnerabilities within NATO, …
Looking Out For Sovereignty
Facing a multitude of crises in an increasingly multi-order world, Europe is experiencing a politicisation of European security policy integ…
Geostrategic Aircraft Carrier
The paper examines Gotland’s strategic importance amid evolving regional security dynamics, focusing on its potential role in deterring conf…
Natural Resources
A recurring theme when it comes to natural resources is their perception as a curse or blessing for the countries that possess them. While s…
Future Combat Air Systems (FCAS)
Visionaries of European strategic autonomy have engaged in many initiatives to reduce European dependency on U.S. weapon technology. Most re…
Powering Ahead
Hydrogen may be the champagne of the energy transition. The text analyses development of hydrogen economy and its impact on EU and internati…
Beyond the Survivability Myth
Many misunderstand military obsolescence, assuming battlefield survivability dictates a system’s relevance. Dmytro Sochnyev attacks that myt…
EPIS Basics: The Military-Industrial Complex
This short article explains the basics of the military-industrial complex (MIC) and its impact on defence spending. Dominic Perfetti outline…
An Ocean of Emptiness Stirred Up
The Pacific is a stage for an unfolding geopolitical contest, where global powers compete for influence through diplomacy and aid. Donát Olá…
Germany’s Cybersecurity Under Stress Test
Germany faces escalating cyber threats from state and non-state actors, targeting businesses and critical infrastructure. Ferdinand Gehringe…
The Change in German Gas Policy
Germany’s shift from Russian gas to LNG aligns with EU energy security goals but reveals contradictions. Joschka Menge examines how Germany …
Contemporary Sabotage Operations
State-led sabotage remains a key tool of influence, mirroring Cold War doctrines despite shifting justifications. Malte Koppermann essay arg…
Estonia at the Forefront: Digitalisation and Defence
Marika Linntam, Estonian Ambassador to Germany, discusses her career, Estonia’s digital leadership, and security policies. Estonia pioneered…
War Is the Father of All Things
Space exploration has always been driven by military interests. Markus Schiller examines how the arms race shaped spaceflight, from Cold War…
Strategic Reorientation
The Sahel is undergoing a profound geopolitical shift. Nils A. Neubert examines how the Alliance of Sahel States (AES)—Mali, Niger, and Burk…
The Future of Democracy
Democracy faces growing cybersecurity threats in the digital age. Zhala Mammadli explores how cyberattacks, misinformation, and AI-driven ma…
